Newest Review: ... a congenital condition, which means it is present from birth. Causes, incidence, and risk factors Muscle contractions in the gut help digested materials move through the intestine. This is called peristalsis. Nerves in between the muscle layers trigger the contractions. In Hirschsprung's disease, the nerves are missing from a part of the bowel. Areas without such nerves cannot push material through. This causes a blockage. Intestinal contents build up behind the blockage, causing the bowel and abdomen to become swollen. Hirschsprung's disease causes about 25% of all newborn intestinal blockages. It occurs five times more often in males th... more